Free

unloose Speech EssayIn 1996 at Bonneville High school in Ogden, Utah a offspring foreign exchange student from Po drop sat with her friend eating lunch. As she gazed upward she could see into the windowpane of peerless of the history classes. To her horror, visible to the entire student body was displayed a Nazi flag. The flag was existence displayed as part of a class on instauration War II and was displayed next to a Japanese flag, newspaper clippings, and other memorabilia to highlight certain aspects of that time period. After asking for the flag to be removed without avail, the student, Marta Daszkiewicz, wrote a letter to the local anesthetic newspapers editorial section. In which she wrote The swastika still evoked fears because the neo-Nazi endeavor is still alive in Germany. If you have Polish license plates, you preserve get beat up by neo-Nazis when you go into Germany, (Daszkiewicz, personal communication, February 15, 2012)A local newspaper at the time repor ted Karen mineworker said she was surprised to hear that Daszkiewicz, whose grandfather was killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau, felt the Nazi flag had no enter on her classroom wall. My father was one of the first Americans to go in D-Day, Miner said, adding that he helped exhaust Paris and later or so of the concentration camps where Nazis killed millions of Jews and members of other ethnic groups they deemed to be inferior. (Associated Press 1996) At the school, teachers took sides, and because she was miles away(predicate) from her parents and other means of support the young student felt ostracized. She felt like she had come to the land of the unfree peopleze and when she decided to speak her mind, she was shot down. (Daszkiewicz, personal communication, February 15, 2012) Karen Miner, the teacher, also felt her own freedoms had been brought under fire, and although she had been support by her school and local school board, she certainly was non promoting Nazi ideology. (Associ ated Press 1996)What the student and the teacher had experienced here was a classic clash over when and if our freedom of speech should be censored. In either position it is hard to subsist how we should respond. This was a fit act with the teacher on one side representing the governing body, her students, and herself and the student on the other representing the undivided. Both sides would probably describe their own freedom of conceptualisation to be the one that was beed. And both have a reasonable claim to have their rightsbeing protect.In the united States of America, the right to freedom of speech has been held as one of this countrys highest values, as across the country recognized by the Constitution of the linked States of America. Censorship of speech is a controversial subject matter, and bequeath probably always be debated in the U.S. as long as this country exists. Balancing individual expression against the publics welfare and safety is one of the most mean ing(a) challenges of political relation. The passage and enforcement of pale laws lead to crushing then revolt and an eventual disintegration of that society.Visual AideThe great balancing act is that even within the first amendment itself, there are ofttimes conflicts between the specific rights. And often Freedom of Speech is paired against not only the other rights within the 1st amendment, and also against the governments role to protect the nation. Supreme court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said, I think that we should be forever and a day vigilant against attempts to check the expression of opinions that we loathe and believe to be fraught with death, unless they so imminently threaten immediate interference with the lawful and pressing purposes of the law that an immediate check is required to save the country. (Holmes, Abrams v. United States, 1919).Justice Holmes did not believe free speech should never be limited however. The most pissed protection of free speech wou ld not protect a man in falsely yelling fire in a theatre and causing a panic. The question in every slick is whether the words apply are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring approximately the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent (Holmes, Schenck v. United States, 1919)When speech is limited even for the reasons verbalize by Justice Holmes and Mr. Cohen, consequences can arise that are so disagreeable that they outweigh the original intent. On January 18th, 2012, only short time ago, a massive internet protest ensued. Some of the largest and most used internet sites went dark for 24 hours, including Wikipedia and Reddit, to bring attention to the movement against the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the entertain IP Act (PIPA), two acts designed to protect owners of copyrights from thepossibility of intellectual robbery.Wikipedia, Google, and many others stated that musical composi tion they understood the need to stop piracy of intellectual property, these bills went too far and began to censor ideas and knowledge. (Pepitone, 2012) It is only through and through this type of public discourse that the protections of speech and expression remain intact. On September 11th, 2001, one of the blister attacks in the history of the United States was perpetrated on our own soil. This act has lead to countless, laws and actions by the United States government. Among these is a very controversial act, known as the patriot act. This act has been argued by some to sacrifice our privileges of privateness and other rights for a little more security. Yet many believed our freedom of speech remained untouched. Unlike humanness War I, for example, people were free to express their opposition to the war on terror without fear of being sentenced to ten years in prison In at least one significant celestial orbit speech and association deemed to provide material support to ter rorist groups our First Amendment rights are considerably less hardy in the wake of 9/11 than they were before.Professor David Cole, a professor at Georgetown University Law tenderness explained The material support law gives the executive the power to designate as a foreign terrorist cheek any group that is foreign, has used or threatened to use a weapon against person or property, and whose activities undermine our national defense, foreign relations, or economic interests. (Cole, 2007) Cole further explains that the Supreme Court rulings of bearer v. forgivingitarian Law Project uphold as constitutional the Bush and Obama administrations overly broad explanation of that law and set dangerous precedents for speech rights in the future. The fear of further attacks by the enemies of the United States is not a reason to suppress our speech and expression. Censorship, according to Justice Holmes, is an almost irresistible impulse when you know you are right (Sunstein, p. 25). Bu t letting the government swing toward crushing even in the impertinence of adversity may at first help to protect a society but can at long last lead to much more complex and destructive problems.History has provided many examples of societies that used evasive action to suppress ideas and expression. Examples of these groups are religions, governments, schools, and corporations. History has also shownus that prolonged restriction of free speech leads to some sort of revolt. Known examples of revolts due to suppression are, the Lutheran and Calvinist Movements in Europe, the American Revolution, and Brown versus The mesa of Education. (Heyman, 2010) A more modern, less dramatic, representation of the idea that censorship leads to revolt is known as The Streisand return. (Greenberg, 2007) The Phenomenon is named after singer Barbra Streisand and her failed attempt to suppress pictures of her home from being stick on across the internet. In 2003 Kenneth Adelman posted aerial ph otos for an environmental survey.These photos included the singers Malibu beach house. Streisand responded to the pictures by suing Adelman. Until the lawsuit, few people had sight Streisands house, Adelman saysbut the lawsuit brought more than a million visitors to Adelmans Web site, he estimates. Streisands case was dismissed, and Adelmans photo was picked up by the Associated Press and reprinted in newspapers around the world. (Greenberg, 2007) Yet based on history a suppressive government cannot sustain itself without making a switch to a more balanced approach to human rights, including free speech. In his book Did Plastic People of the institution topple communism? Tom Stoppard shows the history of how suppression of Rock and Roll in Czechoslovakia eventually led to the 1989 Velvet Revolution.In 1976, after years of suppression by the Czechoslovakian communist Party, The Plastic People of the Universe, a psychedelic rock and roll muckle were put on discharge after attempt ing to stage a music festival that was not assist by the government. (Stoppard, 2009) A diverse group of supporters, including playwrights, writers, professors and other Czech intellectuals, had attended the trial and gathered away(p) in the hallway. Among the supporters was avant-garde playwright Vaclav Havel who had met band members a week earlier and had been impressed with them. Havel left the trial feeling disgusted with the world and resolved to make a difference. (Stoppard, 2009)In the months that followed, these sympathizers gathered in solidarity with local hippies and rallied around the Plastic People. They dared to establish a human rights organization and released a statement of principles onJanuary 1, 1977, naming their organization after the charter, Charter 77. Havel said that the Plastics were defending lifes intrinsic desire to express itself freely, in its own authentic and sovereign way, which is as close to a perfect definition of both land and rock and roll a s has ever been stated. Charter 77 evolved into a world-famous human rights petition that eventually landed Havel in jail, and was a precursor to the national revolution or Velvet Revolution that occurred 12 years later. (Stoppard, 2009)The Velvet Revolution (Czech) or Gentle Revolution (Slovak) was a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that took mark from November 17 to December 29, 1989. Dominated by student and other popular demonstrations against the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, it saw to the collapse of the partys control of the country, and the subsequent conversion from Czech Stalinism to capitalism. (Radio Prague, 1997) The Constitution of the United States extends the rights of speech as part of the first amendment. However, within the same amendment the constitution also offers religion, press, and peaceable assembly. at bottom the same amendment the right can sometimes conflict with some or all of the other rights protected by the c onstitution. Balancing the rights of citizens with the demands of government is not a battle that will ever be won. repayable to changes in the worlds ideas and cultures we must, as Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. suggested, be Eternally Vigilant (Holmes, Abrams v. United States, 1919) in protecting others free speech. Balancing individual expression against the general publics safety is one of the most significant challenges of government. If we do not we must face the possibility of losing our own freedoms and may have to fight either through words or deeds to retain those rights.BibliographyHolmes, Oliver Wendell (1995). The Collected Works of Justice Holmes. lettuce University of Chicago Press Radio Prague (1997) Radio Pragues History Online Virtual Exhibit. http//archiv.radio.cz/history/history15.html Retrieved 2-16-2012 OBrien,David M. (2010) Congress Shall fetch No Law The First Amendment, Unprotected Expression, and the Supreme Court. Lanham, Maryland Bowman Littlefield Publis hers, INCHeyman, Steven J. (2008) Free Speech and Human Dignity. New Haven, CT Yale University PressGoldsmith, Edward (1971) Social disintegration causes. London, England Sphere BooksStoppard, Tom (2009) Did Plastic People of the Universe topple communism?. NY Times Online 12-19-2009. Retrieved 2-15-2012Associated Press (1996) Polish Exchange Student Criticizes Nazi Display. Associated Press, Saturday, May 25 1996 http//www.deseretnews.com/article/491559/POLISH-EXCHANGE-STUDENT-CRITICIZES-NAZI-DISPLAY.html Greenberg, Andy (2007) The Streisand Effect. http//www.forbes.com/2007/05/10/streisand-digg-web-tech-cx_ag_0511streisand.html (2/15/2011)Norton, Rob (2008) Unintended Consequences. . The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved February 18, 2012 from the World Wide Web http//www.econlib.org/library/Enc/UnintendedConsequences.htmlPepitone, Julianne (2012) SOPA explained What it is and why it matters. CNN Money Tech. Retrieved February 18, 2012 from the World Wide Web http//money.cnn.com/2012/01/17/ applied science/sopa_explained/index.htmFinan, Christopher M. (2007) From the Palmer Raids to the Patriot Act. Boston, MA Beacon PressFrontline (2006) The Memory of Tiananmen 1989. PBSThomas, Andrew Peyton (2005) The People v. Harvard Law How Americas OldestLaw School Turned Its Back on Free Speech. San Francisco, CA Encounter BooksSunstein, C. (1993) Democracy and the fuss of Free Speech. NY Free PressCole, David (2011) Free Speech After 9/11 Why Advocating for quiescence is Now a Crime. American Constitution Society. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from the World Wide Web http//www.acslaw.org/acsblog/free-speech-after-911-why-advocating-for-peace-is-now-a-crimeKim, Jae-Young (2002) Sorting Out deregulation Protecting Free Speech and Internet Access in the United States, Germany, and Japan. New York, NY LFB Scholarly print LLCKristoff, Nicholas D. (1989) A Reassessment of How Many Died In the Military Crackdown in Beijing . The New York Times. 21 June 1989Abrams, Floyd (2005) Speaking freely Trials of the First Amendment. New York, NY VikingNunziato, Dawn C. (2009) Virtual Freedom Net Neutrality and Free Speech in the Internet Age. Stanford, CA Stanford Law BooksBernstein, David E. (2003) You Cant Say That The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties from Antidiscrimination Laws. Washington, DC Cato InstituteCohen, Henry Legislative Attorney (2009) Freedom of Speech and Press Exceptions to the First Amendment. Washington, DC congressional Research Service 7-5700Daszkiewicz, Marta (2012) Personal Interview conducted by online chat on February 15, 2012. Poland. emailprotected