Theories of Social Inequality Essay - 881 Words

Theories of Social Inequality In briefly evaluating the classical and modern explanations of social inequality, it is essential that we step outside the realm of our own lives, class position, and discard any assumptions we might have about the nature of inequality. This process of critical pedagogy allows us to view our world, not from our perspective, but from a wider, more critical analysis of inequalitys nature. Also, it should be considered within this wider perspective that all theories of inequality have a class perspective, where the theorist, based on the position their theory takes, is making claims from (or for) a particular class (whether they want to or not). With this in mind, it seems that most of these theories come†¦show more content†¦Within this structure, Weber describes there being three dimensions of inequality: class (which correlates with the economy), status (which correlates with the social aspects of society), and party (which correlates with the political aspects of society). I believe most of the modern explanations of inequality, at most, help build upon Webers general theories, and at least, reflect the same elitist pessimism that Weber also holds. The dual-labor market thesis contends that there are two labor markets (in terms of income), in which the higher income market is of primary importance and the lower income market is of secondary importance. This tries to justify those people within high power positions by (somehow) trying to prove that our system is objectively rewarding higher incomes to professions that have higher social importance than lower income professions. Similarly, the functionalist theory of stratification views societies as social systems that have certain basic problems to solve or functions that have to be performed if the society is to survive (243). So the reason for inequality, for functionalists, is because our system must reward (with significantly higher incomes) those individuals who are motivated enough to yield the stresses of such functionally important positions. The fact that our system reproduces classes into the same class assumes theShow MoreRelatedCumulative Inequality Theory And Social Science1166 Words   |  5 PagesFerraro et al. (2009) developed cumulative inequality theory by integrating various theories in a systematic way incorporating elements of both macro and micro sociological content. In order to clarify the meaning of cumulative inequality theory, Ferraro et al., (2009) offered many inter-related axioms- and propositions that aided in the further development of the theory. While developing the theory, the authors critiqued the cumulative advantage/disadvantage theory and provided their rationale for whyRead MoreSocial Disorganization Theory And Racial Inequality1872 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction There has been serval research studies that are dedicated to describing the social disorganization theory and racial inequality, that are so often found in certain communities, but although there are serval studies done there seems to be very little data to support racial inequality. The ethnic and racial minorities are always overrepresented when we look at violent crimes, arrests, and other criminal acts or behavior within the lower class communities or neighborhoods, because of theRead MoreMarx And Durkheim s Theory Of Social Inequality933 Words   |  4 PagesDurkheim can be readily applied to social inequality in the context of present day Canada. Durkheim’s theory is founded in analyzing how societies function by focusing on the ideas of the division of labour, merit and functionalism. Marx, on the other hand, views society as divided into social classes of the bourgeoisie and proletariats, while stressing the importance of the role of capital plays in society in rela tion to inequality. Both Marx and Durkheim’s theories of modern society can be used toRead MoreMarx And Durkheim s Theory Of Social Inequality955 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion of social inequality has been present in sociological works dating back as far as early 18th century in the works of Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. Centuries later, theoretical foundations of both Marx and Durkheim can be readily applied to social inequality in the context of present day Canada. Durkheim’s theory is founded in analyzing how societies function by focusing on the ideas of the division of labour, merit and functionalism. Marx on the other hand, views society as divided intoRead MoreNeo-Marxist Contribution to Theories O Social Class Inequality884 Words   |  4 Pagesyou say that Neo-Marxist have contributed to the continuing relevance of theories of social class inequality today? Social class inequality can be defined as the existence of socially created inequalities among and within classes. They can be attributed to various factors such as race, colour, ethnicity, gender, income, etc. It is arguable that inequalities that exist in post-independence societies as well as the inequalities which exist between nations can be directly traced back to the exploitativeRead MoreTheories on Social Inequality from a Functionalist, Conflict, and Symbolic-Interactionist Points of View670 Words   |  3 PagesSocial inequality is the issue pertaining to the lack of housing, health care, education, employment opportunities, and status. It is the dismissal of people from participation in what we, the members of society distinguish as being valuable, important, socially desirable, and personally worthwhile. There are many different perspectives on social inequality within our society; the three areas I am going to focus on are those of the Functionalist, Conflict and Symbol ic-Interactionist. The FunctionalistRead MoreThe Three Sociologists: Marx, Durheim, and Weber1051 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many classical sociologists in the world with many different theories and key elements within the sociological imagination. James Fulcher and John Scott (p.21, 2011) explain why theories of sociologists in past time and todays modern so-ciety are so important and why they can still be relevant today, â€Å"theory is or should be an attempt to describe and explain the real world, it is impossible to know any-thing about the real world without drawing on some kind of theoretical ideas.† Per-ceptionsRead MoreThe Conflict Theory883 Words   |  4 PagesPaul Wise The Conflict Theory This paper will talk about what The Conflict Theory is, and who it was derived from. It will also give, and explain an example of what The Conflict Theory pertains to in modern society. The Conflict Theory focuses on the negative aspects of society as opposed to most other theories which tend to focus more on the positive aspects of society. It pays more attention to things like race, gender and social class because they are seen as grounds for the worst strugglesRead MoreSocial Capital And Neighborhood Effects758 Words   |  4 PagesScholars of social capital and neighborhood effects theories have shown that social ties and neighborhoods contribute to differential individual outcomes and perpetuate overall social inequality. However, a more recent cohort of scholars argues that these existing theories fall short in several ways as they fail to answer questions like â€Å"How do people make social ties?† and â€Å"What constitutes a neighborhood and how does it matter?† Mario Small investigates the development of social ties among mothersRead MoreThe Social Problems in Communities 1624 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Social problems are undesirable conditions that relate to the way in which a majority of people in society perceive certain issues. Social problems may also be referred to social ills or issues. People from diverse communities may perceive social problems differently and have varied solutions to these issues (Stark, 2007). Social problems differ from personal problems where issues are dealt with at an individual level. On the other hand, social problems may destroy values held collectively

Animal Symbology in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and...

In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the Lais of Marie de France, the authors use animals as metaphors for human actions, and as characters. By analyzing the use of these animals, we are able to explore the meaning the authors were trying to communicate through specific scenes. The Book of Beasts, a translation by T.H. White (1984 ed.), provides a medieval standpoint when analyzing the use of animals in the Lais and in Gawain. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, there is specific use of three animals as metaphors for human actions. These animals are the deer, boar, and fox. When Gawain rests with the Lord and Lady on his way to battle with the Green Knight, we see three hunting scenes, which coincide with three seduction, or†¦show more content†¦A fox will feign death in order to snatch up carrion eaters for his food, which is similar, as the author claims, to the devil. The devil snatches up people who live in the flesh, or by the doings of the foxy body (pg 54). In this seduction scene, Gawain is tempted one last time by the Lady, who seems to live in the flesh. Her major role in Gawains visits has been as a temptress trying to make Gawain her lover. By Gawains reaction, it seems that her flirting may be working on him when he states: So faultless her features... / His heart swelled swiftly with surging joys / ...Each joyed in others sight (lines 1761-1767) Yet again, he is able to reject her temptation and the pleasures of the flesh. He states that he has no lover, and will not have one for quite some time. The Lady is disappointed but leaves stating that she must at least give him some token of affection. Gawain accepts the sash, for which he later feels guilty and confesses. In The Lais of Marie de France, there are several animals used as both metaphors and characters. Four lais that include the use of animals are Equitan, Bisclavert, Yonec and Laustic. Whites translation states that equi is the name for a horse in the medieval period, when Marie was writing. The title Equitan is also the name of the king of the story. The king has a great love of hunting and war. According to the Book of Beasts, this is a natural

Chronic Mental Illness - 719 Words

Jeanne is a social worker employed by a community behavioral health center where she provides clinical services to the persons who are suffering from chronic mental illness. Two days prior, one of her clients, Jessica, committed suicide. According to the social worker, for many years Jessica had been struggled with depression and cocaine addiction. Right after the suicide, Jessica’s parents who had participated in her treatment at numerous times, in the context of family counseling contacted Jeanne, the social worker to tell her about the tragic situation. The social worker met with Jessicas parents, to talk about Jessicas lifelong challenges. Jessicas parents spoke for a long time with the social worker about how much they appreciated her effort on helping Jessica during the challenging period of her mental illness. The parents also talked to the social worker about how painful it is for them to bury Jessica. At the end of the meeting, Jessicas parents tell the social worker that they would like for her to deliver the eulogy in the funeral, because they consider her as an important person of the family. The social worker was very touched by the parents’ sentiments and their poignant request. She felt close to the family and wanted to be supportive. At the same time, however, the social worker quickly recognized the ethical dilemma facing her. She was especially concerned about violating Jessica’s privacy, and confidentiality†(Social Work Today Magazine). The mainShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia: A Chronic Mental Illness2452 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Stress serves as a major risk and complicating factor for any illness, regardless of presenting symptoms (Elliott and Einsdorfer 1982; Hatfield and Lefley 2007; Nicholson and Neufeld 2002). For a chronic mental illness as complex as schizophrenia, the impact of environmental stress is particularly important to consider. 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Many families in Canada and around the world live with a person who has one or more chronic condition. Chrionic conditions can range from heart disease, injury, cancer, and mental illness. Chronic conditions are â€Å"impairments in function, development, or disease states that are irreversible . Chronic illness Over the course of three interviews This paper will explore the effects of chronicity on families living with chronic condiditons through researchRead MoreMedical Conditions on Adolescents1414 Words   |  6 PagesChronic illness has a large effect on everyone, no matter what the age. In adolescents, they are still dependent on their parents as their caregivers, and are old enough to understand and make decisions for themselves. Chronic illness has been defined  as â€Å"an illness that is prolonged in duration, does not often resolve spontaneously, and is rarely cured completely.† (Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing). 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Diploma in Business Administration

Question: Discuss about theDiploma in Business Administration. Answer: Introduction Green Heaters Pty Ltd Company is a new firm which manufactures and sells heaters in a wholesale form. It comprises of five board of directors and is planning to recruit about 100 employees within the first financial year. In the same year, sales are expected to be 650,000. This report explains the standard documents required for a company when it starts, its strategies and how they will be implemented. Developing Standard Documents They refer to essential writings which provide guidelines, requirements, and specifications that the management requires for the efficient running of the organization. To prepare such documents, certain methodologies and processes will be considered to produce quality written.Hu, et al. (2014, p.791) explains there are four main steps to follow when preparing the documents. Skimming, Preparation, and Planning Adequate planning and design of the materials are significantly more for new companies. The method entails discussing, drafting and writing down roughly the ideas of the paper (Winton, et al. 2013. P .47). The board holds a meeting for startup of the enterprise. The required documents will be identified, their contents discussed and the preparation duty is assigned to one of the directors. That will be me. Writing the Documents Now that the content is discussed, the final draft can be written down or typed strictly following the formal formats required for the reports. Each official document must have a name (title), page number, date of publication, and item number (Coffey, 2014. p.376). The proper design is to be followed with the company logo and name on top of the respective documents. They will have to be short, brief and straight to the point. Formal Review Before the documents are issued to the employees or the public, they will have to go back to the Board for consideration and confirmation. The secretary will present the materials to the directors where they will confirm. The requirements are approved, and at some cases, translation occurs to clarify ideas. An official stamp and copies are filed and retained by particular directors (Leijten et al. 2014, p. 305) Release of the Documents This is the final stage standard material development. They are published and issued to notice boards for the employees and the public. They should be publicized earlier before the deadline date is reached. Official writings usually have a period of twenty to thirty days (Siemens, 2014, p 24). They should be conspicuous and placed at strategic places to be noticed easily. Standard Documents Produced Agenda First and foremost, directors will be required to have a copy of the plan. I will prepare the topics to be discussed systematically where one will lead to another. This will assist the Board to cover all primary areas essential for the firm to start operating. Agendas, in most cases, are issued as papers to enable note taking during the meetings (Nicholson, et al. 2017, 30). Soft-copy agendas may be misplaced or difficult to add notes on them. Memorandum The Green Heaters company will issue memos to attract the public to apply for job opportunities in the business. This will inform the public that the company exists and is ready to start trading. The board will require a management team, as well as laborers and the best method to acquire them, is by the use of a memo. It will have general descriptions informing the public to apply for available jobs in the company. External sources such as the TVs and radio stations can be used to read out the memo. The notice will attract very many people, and the Board can select the best recruits from the crowd. Since all information may not fit on the note, the company website can be provided as macros for the interested persons to get more information. For example, job descriptions, salary ranges and academic qualifications necessary for employment. Below is a sample of the internal memorandum. Sample Green Energy Company To: All employees From: The Board of Directors Date: 02/02/2017 Subject: JOB VACANCIES Greetings, Green Heaters Company is looking forward to recruit 100 employees. The job descriptions and other relevant information are available at our website www.greenheaters.co.au. If you meet our requirements, send us your application letters and academic documents through the link provided in the website. Thank you. Letters These standard documents will be sent to various individuals to pass accurate information. For example, confirmation letters may be issued to inform the job applicants to attend the interviews on a set date. Due to the emergence of technology, printed letters may not be used. The company will respond through the use of electronic mails (emails). Job acceptance letters may be prepared in advance to be sent to the successful recruits. This method will involve the use of hard and soft copies. Instructions and Procedures The company is very new and probably will be hiring the 100 employees within the first year. This document will be critical to direct the laborers to respective areas where they will be required to go. This will save time, ensure consistency and prevent confusion (Funk, et al. 2015, p.54). To make the document useful, models can be used to assist in directing workers. For example, a large picture of helmets and protective clothes templates can be strategically put at the entrance of workshops. Guidelines, Notes, and Handbooks The management will provide small mini-books containing instructions and notes to assist the employees to work as per the standards of the firm. I will prepare the notes to be brief, summarized and understandable. It will contain aims, objectives, and strategies of Green Heaters. For example, it will show estimated sales within the first and subsequent years. The notes will help the employees to know what the firm desires and will work towards achieving it. Reports and Minutes At this stage, the company would have started. It would be recognized in the market for distributing heaters to the wholesalers. All meetings and activities are done from the time the firm started till it began operations will be recorded in the minutes and reports. The minutes cover detailed information on each meeting held. On the other hand, the report is a comprehensive document describing various events in the organization. They will be kept by the senior management only (Tobin et al. 2015, p. 112) Strategies for the Employees Oral Reprimand This applies when a supervisor identifies a problem within the employees. The employees may not be working or following the prepared documents as required. Therefore, a reprimand will be issued to remind them to adhere to communications passed through the publications. Further actions can be taken if the situation is not rectified. Explaining Most Sensitive Employee Areas To make sure each employee goes through the standard documents such as notes, memos, and letters, the management can be defining crucial areas which attract the attention of the workers. For instance, work hours, overtime, compensation, vacations and leave payments (Dias et al. 2016, p 285). The documents can then be blended in with what the directors want to pass across. It will increase chances of reading the material. Brief Notices Internal memos and opinions should be short, conspicuous and boldly written. The Green Heaters company can adopt this strategy to be used whenever they are preparing documents for the employees. The plan assists in creating interesting and understandable information to the workers. Long written documents such as reports and notes may not be thoroughly read (Fergus, 2015. P.699) Proposed Policies and Procedures Landsbergis, et al. (2014. p. 510) explain the following rules and procedures which Green Heaters can implement to make employees use the standard documents accordingly; Policies Use of warnings-If an employee causes a mistake in the workplace, and it is caused by ignorance of the information on the issued documents, warnings can be used. They will caution the worker to be careful next time. In most firms, there are three warnings issued (Allen, 2014, p.162) Termination reviews-This process occurs where an employee keeps on repeating the same mistake as a result of not following instructions. The supervisor can take the case to the HR for discussion whether the person to continue working or face termination. Procedures Consultations- where employees, especially the new ones, fail to understand instructions set through the provided materials, they can consult their colleagues or approach the supervisor for clarification. Policy reviews-At times, the management can be such friendly that the workers are free to raise their views on policies set. If they are unfavorable, they management can hold a meeting and decide what to do. Conclusion Green Heaters Company is a new firm in the market. It should, therefore, employ expertise when creating standard documents. The way the company starts build the foundation on how it will be operating in future. Investors will be keenly observing ready to invest in it once they realize it is getting satisfied. Therefore, the discussion narrated in the previous pages should be considered by the Board of Directors. References Allen, K.A., 2014. Steps for fair performance management. Professional Beauty, (May/Jun 2014), p.162 Coffey, A., 2014. Analysing documents. The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis, pp.367-380. Dias, V., Carlos, J. and da Costa, J.M.S.A., 2016. Migration of Brazilian Intellectual Workers in the International Market: Identification of Enticing Employees Acts and the Legal Mechanisms to Cease the Appropriation of Technology and Unfair Competition Practices. Braz. J. Int'l L., 13, p.285. Fergus, E., 2015. Workplace Law, John Grogan; and Dismissal, John Grogan: book notices. South African Law Journal, 132(3), pp.699-702. Funk, M. and Schmidt, A., 2015. Cognitive assistance in the workplace. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 14(3), pp.53-55. Landsbergis, P.A., Grzywacz, J.G. and LaMontagne, A.D., 2014. Work organization, job insecurity, and occupational health disparities. American journal of industrial medicine, 57(5), pp.495-515. Leijten, M., Van Waes, L., Schriver, K. and Hayes, J.R., 2014. Writing in the workplace: Constructing documents using multiple digital sources. Journal of Writing Research, 5(3), pp.285-337. Hu, Z., Fang, S. and Liang, T., 2014. Empirical study of constructing a knowledge organization system of patent documents using topic modeling. Scientometrics, 100(3), pp.787-799. Nicholson, G., Pugliese, A. and Bezemer, P.J., 2017. Habitual accountability routines in the boardroom: How boards balance control and collaboration. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 30(2). Siemens, G., 2014. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Tobin, T.J., Eroshin, V., Zheng, Z., Louie, P., Lu, J. and Varadharajan, A., Salesforce. Com, Inc., 2015. System, method and computer program product for locally defining related reports using a global definition. U.S. Patent 9,189,532. Winton, S. and Pollock, K., 2013. Preparing politically savvy principals in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(1), pp.40-54.